Wishing All.......!!

Removing Autorun Virus With out Any Software

Got affected by auto run virus in your Pen Drive or HardDrive ??


If u want to know what does actually the auto run virus do to your pen drive or hard drive just read this...

It actually places an exe file which will be stored in your pen drive and executes
When ever you click on the pen drive. It also puts a copy of file in your PC.
It also cause problem when ejecting your pen drive since the (.exe) file runs in background that you can find in "Task Manager".

Some major Problem Faced because of auto run virus in your PC:
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

1) Ejecting pen drive
2) Some unknown symbols represented as label of your drive
3) The drive won’t open
4) Files can’t be viewed
5) Can't Format the drive

Here is the solution to get rid of those virus programs with out using any anti virus software’s.

Steps to check whether your PC is affected by harmful autorun viruses:
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = =

1) When ever using pen drive make sure that you didn't double click on it.
2) Always "right click" and choose "Explore" to avoid execution of virus (exe) files.
3) In the menu bar choose "Tools" Menu of the Explorer in that choose Folder options.
4) Choose "view" tab in that choose the option "Show hidden files and folders"
5) Then take the check mark from "Hide protected operating system files (Recommended)"

If you see any autorun.inf or (.cmd),(.vss),(.exe==>other than normal software’s),(newfolder.exe)
Don’t click on them because they will generate a process corresponding to how many times you click that file.







Ways by which you can find the virus (.exe) files and the auto run files:
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = == = = = = = = =

To avoid those virus penetrating into your PC DO THIS


@>Just delete all those (.cmd),(.vss),(.exe) files along with the (autorun.inf) file.

@>If any file is not responding for delete option means just
Open the "Task Manager” either right click on the taskbar or press Ctrl+Alt+Del

@>Now choose the exe file Say (regsrv.exe), (newfolder.exe) then end their process

@>Now you can delete those files and feel safe from those auto run viruses



After doing this you can be safe from the “auto run” files and can go on with your work with out any intervention from those scripts.

HAPPY FRIENDSHIP DAY.......!!!!!!!!!

Friends Forever..........keep rocking

OPENSOURCE SOFTWARES FOR WINDOWS!!!!

Check following site for various opensource softwares for windows......

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SOUNDS TO BE USEFUL...!!

23 Free And Online Web Based Applications Specially If You Are Designer Or Developer

A faster, easier way to search Google!!!!

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$m!Le..

Measuring life by what others do for u will disappoint u, but measuring life by what you do to others will surely bring a smile on your face…..!!!

Know The IP Person On YAHOO MSN SKYPE Messenger Whom You Are TALKING.....!!!!!!!!…

Follow the video.......and find the software at this link(copy and paste below link in another window)


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How To Boost Firefox Speed - Video

FOLLOW THESE STEPS TO INCREASE FIREFOX SPEED!!!!!!........




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JOKE :Airplane crash

A pilot, George W. Bush, the Pope, and a pizza delivery man were all in a plane together traveling through stormy conditions.

Suddenly, the pilot ran back to the passengers and announced that lightning had hit the plane, and they were going to crash in a matter of minutes. “There are only enough parachutes for four of the three of us,” he announced. “Since I’m the pilot, I get one!” After saying this, the pilot grabbed a parachute and jumped out of the plane.

“I’m the world’s mightiest president, great peacemaker and the smartest man in the world,” proclaimed G.W. Bush. “This world needs smart men, so I must live.” George W. Bush then grabbed a parachute and leaped out of the plane.

At this point, the Pope began to speak to the Pizza delivery boy. “I have lived a long life compared to you, and you may take the last parachute. I will go down with the plane.”

“You don’t have to do that, replied the pizza delivery guy. World smartest man just jumped out with my backpack!”

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Speed up u r computer than normal using following stepss!!!!!



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Computers In 2020 - These bloopers are hilarious

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American, Russian and Osama bin Ladin

Three guys, a Russian, Osama bin Ladin and American are out walking together one day. They come across a magic lantern and a Genie pops out of it.

“I will give each of you each one wish, that’s three wishes total,” says the Genie.

The Russian guy says, “I am a farmer, my dad was a farmer, and my son will also farm. I want the land to be forever fertile in Russia.”

With a blink of the Genie’s eye, ‘POOF’ the land in Russia was forever made fertile for farming.

Osama bin Ladin was amazed, so he said, “I want a wall around Afghanistan, so that no infidels, Russians or Americans can come into our precious state.”

Again, with a blink of the Genie’s eye, ‘POOF’ there was a huge wall around Afghanistan.

American (A former civil engineer), asks, “I’m very curious. Please tell me more about this great wall.”

The Genie explains, “Well, it’s about 20,000 feet high, 600 feet thick and completely surrounds the country; nothing can get in or out. It’s really impenetrable.”

American says, “My wish is filling it with water.”

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something better than nothing..

"A life spent making mistakes is not only more honorable, but more useful than a life spent doing nothing"
..... George Bernard Shaw

Electrical Engineering vs. Computer Science

Not to hurt any body just for fun...........enjoy.....haha!!!!!

Once upon a time, in a kingdom not far from here, a king summoned two of his advisors for a test. He showed them both a shiny metal box with two slots in the top, a control knob, and a lever. "What do you think this is?"

One advisor, an engineer, answered first. "It is a toaster," he said. The king asked, "How would you design an embedded computer for it?" The engineer replied, "Using a four-bit microcontroller, I would write a simple program that reads the darkness knob and quantizes its position to one of 16 shades of darkness, from snow white to coal black. The program would use that darkness level as the index to a 16-element table of initial timer values. Then it would turn on the heating elements and start the timer with the initial value selected from the table. At the end of the time delay, it would turn off the heat and pop up the toast. Come back next week, and I'll show you a working prototype."

The second advisor, a computer scientist, immediately recognized the danger of such short-sighted thinking. He said, "Toasters don't just turn bread into toast, they are also used to warm frozen waffles. What you see before you is really a breakfast food cooker. As the subjects of your kingdom become more sophisticated, they will demand more capabilities. They will need a breakfast food cooker that can also cook sausage, fry bacon, and make scrambled eggs. A toaster that only makes toast will soon be obsolete. If we don't look to the future, we will have to completely redesign the toaster in just a few years."

"With this in mind, we can formulate a more intelligent solution to the problem. First, create a class of breakfast foods. Specialize this class into subclasses: grains, pork, and poultry. The specialization process should be repeated with grains divided into toast, muffins, pancakes, and waffles; pork divided into sausage, links, and bacon; and poultry divided into scrambled eggs, hard- boiled eggs, poached eggs, fried eggs, and various omelet classes."

"The ham and cheese omelet class is worth special attention because it must inherit characteristics from the pork, dairy, and poultry classes. Thus, we see that the problem cannot be properly solved without multiple inheritance. At run time, the program must create the proper object and send a message to the object that says, 'Cook yourself.' The semantics of this message depend, of course, on the kind of object, so they have a different meaning to a piece of toast than to scrambled eggs."

"Reviewing the process so far, we see that the analysis phase has revealed that the primary requirement is to cook any kind of breakfast food. In the design phase, we have discovered some derived requirements. Specifically, we need an object-oriented language with multiple inheritance. Of course, users don't want the eggs to get cold while the bacon is frying, so concurrent processing is required, too."

"We must not forget the user interface. The lever that lowers the food lacks versatility, and the darkness knob is confusing. Users won't buy the product unless it has a user-friendly, graphical interface. When the breakfast cooker is plugged in, users should see a cowboy boot on the screen. Users click on it, and the message 'Booting UNIX v.8.3' appears on the screen. (UNIX 8.3 should be out by the time the product gets to the market.) Users can pull down a menu and click on the foods they want to cook."

"Having made the wise decision of specifying the software first in the design phase, all that remains is to pick an adequate hardware platform for the implementation phase. An Intel 80386 with 8MB of memory, a 30MB hard disk, and a VGA monitor should be sufficient. If you select a multitasking, object oriented language that supports multiple inheritance and has a built-in GUI, writing the program will be a snap. (Imagine the difficulty we would have had if we had foolishly allowed a hardware-first design strategy to lock us into a four-bit microcontroller!)."

The king wisely had the computer scientist beheaded, and they all lived happily ever after.

Source: unknown Internet hero

An A-Z Index of the Windows XP command line

Try to use these command line aruguments.......i think these are usefull........click Start and then Run and type given aruguments to perform specific work.



ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASSOC Change file extension associations
ASSOCIAT One step file association
AT Schedule a command to run at a later time
ATTRIB Change file attributes

BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settings
BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info

CACLS Change file permissions
CALL Call one batch program from another
CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties
CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system
CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks
CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.
CLS Clear the screen
CLUSTER Windows Clustering
CMD Start a new CMD shell
COLOR Change colors of the CMD window
COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer
CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to another location
CSCcmd Client-side caching (Offline Files)
CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data

DATE Display or set the date
Dcomcnfg DCOM Configuration Utility
DEFRAG Defragment hard drive
DEL Delete one or more files
DELPROF Delete NT user profiles
DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders
DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility
DIR Display a list of files and folders
DIRUSE Display disk usage
DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another
DNSSTAT DNS Statistics
DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
DSADD Add user (computer, group..) to active directory
DSQUERY List items in active directory
DSMOD Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory

ECHO Display message on screen
ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file
ERASE Delete one or more files
EXIT Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel.
EXPAND Uncompress files
EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files

FC Compare two files
FDISK Disk Format and partition
FIND Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR Search for strings in files
FOR /F Loop command: against a set of files
FOR /F Loop command: against the results of another command
FOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List
FORFILES Batch process multiple files
FORMAT Format a disk
FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
FSUTIL File and Volume utilities
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations

GLOBAL Display membership of global groups
GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line

HELP Online Help
HFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker

IF Conditionally perform a command
IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup
IPCONFIG Configure IP

KILL Remove a program from memory

LABEL Edit a disk label
LOCAL Display membership of local groups
LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.
LOGOFF Log a user off
LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file

MAPISEND Send email from the command line
MEM Display memory usage
MD Create new folders
MKLINK Create a symbolic link (linkd)
MODE Configure a system device
MORE Display output, one screen at a time
MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
MOVE Move files from one folder to another
MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
MSG Send a message
MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer
MSINFO Windows NT diagnostics
MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)
MV Copy in-use files

NET Manage network resources
NETDOM Domain Manager
NETSH Configure network protocols
NETSVC Command-line Service Controller
NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NOW Display the current Date and Time
NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights

PATH Display or set a search path for executable files
PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message
PERMS Show permissions for a user
PERFMON Performance Monitor
PING Test a network connection
POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD
PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services
PRINT Print a text file
PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer
PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
PROMPT Change the command prompt
PsExec Execute process remotely
PsFile Show files opened remotely
PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user
PsInfo List information about a system
PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID
PsList List detailed information about processes
PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
PsLogList Event log records
PsPasswd Change account password
PsService View and control services
PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
PsSuspend Suspend processes
PUSHD Save and then change the current directory

QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.

RASDIAL Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.
REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
REGEDIT Import or export registry settings
REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
REGINI Change Registry Permissions
REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file
REN Rename a file or files.
REPLACE Replace or update one file with another
RD Delete folder(s)
RDISK Create a Recovery Disk
RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables
RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account
RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

SC Service Control
SCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks
SCLIST Display NT Services
ScriptIt Control GUI applications
SET Display, set, or remove environment variables
SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables
SETX Set environment variables permanently
SHARE List or edit a file share or print share
SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file
SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined
SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
SLEEP Wait for x seconds
SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future
SORT Sort input
START Start a separate window to run a specified program or command
SU Switch User
SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter
SYSTEMINFO List system configuration

TASKLIST List running applications and services
TIME Display or set the system time
TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file
TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session
TOUCH Change file timestamps
TRACERT Trace route to a remote host
TREE Graphical display of folder structure
TYPE Display the contents of a text file

USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login

VER Display version information
VERIFY Verify that files have been saved
VOL Display a disk label

WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree
WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain
WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
WINMSD Windows system diagnostics
WINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II
WMIC WMI Commands

XCACLS Change file permissions
XCOPY Copy files and folders

Speedup Your PC 2 Video

Follow the steps in the video and make u r computer speeder than normal!!!!!!!



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A fact...

"Common sense in an uncommon degree is what the world calls wisdom"

How to Make a Cheap Multitouch Pad - MTmini

WOW!!!!!!!! what this guy did with simple things he made touch pad!!!!!really GREAT!!!!

SEARCHING FOR XP KEY???

here is a way to get XP product code from CD itself, it really works!!!

All have seen many searching for product key or some have lost them,searching in the internet..
What u need to do is,
Just explore the WINDOWS XP CD ,there is a folder called i386,open the folder I386 then open the file UNATTEND.TXT and scroll down to the last line of the file.

you cant believe???????
You have a product code.

HOPE,you all got the idea and dont search for product key again

Speed up shutdown times!!!!!!!!

It's not only start-up that you'd like to speed up; you can also make sure that your system shuts down faster. If shutting down XP takes what seems to be an inordinate amount of time, here are a couple of steps you can take to speed up the shutdown process:

* Don't have XP clear your paging file at shutdown. For security reasons, you can have XP clear your paging file (pagefile.sys) of its contents whenever you shut down. Your paging file is used to store temporary files and data, but when your system shuts down, information stays in the file. Some people prefer to have the paging file cleared at shutdown because sensitive information such as unencrypted passwords sometimes ends up in the file. However, clearing the paging file can slow shutdown times significantly, so if extreme security isn't a high priority, you might not want to clear it. To shut down XP without clearing your paging file, run the Registry Editor (click Start > Run, then type regedit in the Run box) and go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management

* Change the value of ClearPageFileAtShutdown to 0. Close the Registry, and restart your computer. Whenever you turn off XP from now on, the paging file won't be cleared, and you should be able to shut down more quickly.

Note: Please be careful when editing the Registry; you can do a lot of damage here. Don't change or delete anything unless you know exactly what it is.

***THOUGHT 4 THE DAY***

"Born as a personality is an accident but dying as a personality is an achievement"

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Wishing all........

Thougtht 4 the Week

"Many of life failures are people whodid not realize how close they were to success when they gave up"

It's really working.!! tryit..

***Thought 4 the Day***

"Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new"
....GEORGE BERNARD SHAW

hmm computer generation.......haha!!!!!

Thought for the Day!!!

"It's time to catch hold of our dreams,time to prove our abilities,lets workhard,burn the midnight oil,put in our sincere efforts and we'll surely succeed"

schedule dismissed !!

ivvala mana principal ichina punch ki ...im dumbstruck...so frds....jus prepare for the MODEL XAMSS....cant help it.....and i say...our position cant get worse than this.....xams suck !!!

chaitanya..

Joke for the day.......

Cartoon.............

thought for the day

" i dont believe in making correct decisions....i make decisions and i believe in making them correct " -- prince of kolkata...Sourav Ganguly

Learn HACKING!!!!!!!!!!!

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http://www.ziddu.com/download.php?uid=Z6uZlZysZK2bnOKnYqqhkZSpX6uZmZym2

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Nice cartoon..............

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relaxxx

hi frds....heard most of us are lagging with the schedule...and all of us had a gala time on the 3 day vacation...no probs make up now...we have decided to relax the schedule for today and tommorrow but be sure u make up by the end all the best
regds
chaitanya...

Thought 4 the Day

"Knowing Others is Intelligence..,
Knowing Oneself is Wisdom..,
Mastering Others is Strength..,
Mastering Oneself is Power.."

Joke of the DAY!!

CNN News. Bush orders 15,000 FBI trained dogs to track down Osama. FBI awaiting further orders as one of the dogs is reading this

This dog, is dog, a dog, good dog, way dog, to dog, keep dog, an dog, idiot dog, busy dog, for dog, 20 dog, seconds dog! ... Now read without the word dog.

Why were males created before females?
Cos you always need a rough draft before the final copy.

online C database....

thought this might be useful guys....what do u say...

http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial.html

CAN U....?

1..if six men can pack six packets of candy in six minutes,how many men are required to pack sixty packets of candy in sixty minutes..??

2..what is the biggest number that can be expressed in threefigures..??

3..153=1^3+5^3+3^3..can u find some other three digit numbers like this..??

4..multiply 21978 by 4..now findout whats the relation between the original number[21978] and the multiplied number..??

5..what curve has been called the "hellen of geometers"..??

Joke of The DAY.......

A Sardar had called an Englishman for lunch. There was curd on the table. The guest asked what is this? The Sardar didn't know proper English, he said "Milk sleeping in night, morning becomes tight..

30 Best mp3 Ringtones..., tring tring.....

These are some of the mp3 ringtones which i have uploaded and if u lik these i will post more .. bye enjoy .....click below link for download

LINK:
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Arrays & pointers:

Arrays
· An array is a group of related data items that share a common name
· C performs no bounds checking and, therefore, care should be exercised to ensure that the array indices are within the declared limits
· Remember that all elements of any given array must be of same type. I.e. we cannot have an array of 10 numbers, of which 5 are ints and 5 are floats.
· The first element in the array is numbered 0, so the last element is 1 less than the size of the array.
· An array is also known as a subscripted variable
· Before using an array , its type and dimension must be declared
· However big an array, its elements are always stored in contiguous memory locations.{like memory address 1000 ,1002 ,1004…..in same order}

Pointers:
-A pointer is a variable which represents the address of the variable rather than its value.
- In the given expression below the variable ‘pv’ is called a pointer to ‘v’, since the variable points the location where the variable ‘v’.
pv=&v;
- &--Represents the “address “of the variable.
- *---Represents “the data stored at the variable’s address“.
- *---It’s called the indirection operator and is a unary operator.
-Pointer variables can point to numeric or character variables, arrays, functions or other pointer variables.
- We can assign a pointer variable to another pointer, (e.g., pv=px), provided both the pointer variables are of same data type.

Pointer Declaration:
-A pointer declaration can be shown as follows:
(Data-type) *(variable)
-We cannot assign a constant i.e., an integer to a pointer, but we can assign ‘0’ to it by assigning the symbolic constant NULL at the time of pointer declaration.
- Since, the arrays are internally created pointers, there is no need of “ampersands(&)” before the ‘variable of array’ in the ‘scanf’ statements, provided when the array name is mentioned in the scanf statement, for this the example is given below

Scanf(“%d”,&a); is wrong

Scanf(“%d”,a); is correct
Declaration:
Data type *pt_name;
This tells the compiler three things about the variable pt_name
1. the asterisk(*) tells that the variable pt_name is a pointer variable
2. pt_name needs a memory location
3. pt_name points to a variable of type data type
E.g. int *p;

Initializing:
P = &quantity
(We must ensure that the pointer variables always points the corresponding type of data)
E.g. float a, b;
Int x,*p;

p=&a
b=*p
Output = errors
Compiler will not detect such errors; care should be taken to avoid wrong pointer assignments

A pointer variable can be initialized in its declaration itself
E.g. int x,*p = &x; ----valid----
Int *p = &x, x; (not valid)

Valid statements
X = *(&x) = *p = y
&x = &*p
X = 10;
P = &x;
*p = 25 (this will change the value of x = 10 to x = 25)

Pointer expressions:
For example: if p1 and p2 are properly declared and initialized pointers, then the following statements are valid

Y = *p1**p2; same as (*p1)*(*p2)
Sum = sum +*p1;
Z = 5*-*p2/ *p1; same as (5*(-(*p2)))/(*p2)
Note that there is a blank space between / and * in the item 3 above

Z = 5*-*p2/*p1; -----wrong
If the is no blank space between / and * then it will be considered as beginning
of a comment

These are valid:
Arithmetic:
P1+4
P2-2
P1-p2
If p1 & p2 are both pointers to the same array then p2- p1 gives the number of elements between p1 and p2
Short hand –operators:
P1++
--P2
Sum+=*p2
Comparisons:
P1 > p2
P1 ! = P2
P1=-P2
Not valid:
We may not use pointers in division or multiplication
P1/p2 or p1*p2 or p1/3
We cannot add two pointers
P1+p2
Pointers increment and scale factor:
Increment
P1=p2+2
P1=p1+1
P1++ = will cause the pointer p1 to point to the next value of its type
(1.e. for int *p1 p1 = 2000 p1++=2002)

Length of various data types:
Characters 1 byte
Integers 2 bytes
Floats 4 bytes
Long integers 4 bytes
Double 8 bytes

One dimensional array:
Declaration:
Type variable-name [size]
Int group [10]
E.g. :
If the numbers are 1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
They are stored as

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
x[0]=1 x[1]=2………..x[9]=10

Float height [25]

Char name [10] (** when declaring character arrays, we must always allow one extra element space for the null terminator)
w e l c o m e \0


Initialization of arrays:
Static type array-name [size] = {list of values};
Static int number [3] = {1, 2, 3}; 1 2 3
Static int total [5] = {1, 2, 4}; 1 2 4 0 0

If the number of values in the list is less than the number of elements ,then only that many elements will be initialized .the remaining elements will be set to zero automatically only if storage class is static otherwise garbage value gets stored.

Static int counter [] = {1, 1, 1, 1};
Static char name [] = {‘j’,’o’,’h’,’n’};

Drawbacks:
There is no convenient way to initialize only selected elements.
There is no shortcut method for initializing a large number of array elements like the one available in FORTRAN.
Scanning an array:

For ( i =0; i <>

The base address of a single dimensional array can be expressed as: Simply ‘X’ or X[0];

When we need the address of the second array element we can simply write in the given form as shown below: (x+i) or &x[i]; Where I represents the element present in the ith place.

When the value of I increased the program skips the number of bytes depending on the data type present.

Ø We also can write the above format in pointers also as shown below: X[i] or *(x+i);

Malloc Function: Ø Malloc is the function which accepts a number (which is the size of the array) and reserves that many ‘bytes’ of memory (base on the ‘data type’) during runtime process and that reserved memory is assigned to the given array.

Ø The mechanism of reserving the required amount of memory during the runtime process is known as ‘Dynamic Memory Allocation’.

E.g. variable=(data type *)malloc(sizeof(data type)*variable1);

Call by Value: Ø When a parameter is sent to a function by using call by value technique a duplicate copy of these values (i.e., actual parameters) are assigned to the corresponding formal parameters. Ø Since the formal parameters has the duplicate copy of values, their will be no effect on the parameters used in the main function when the values of formal parameters are modified.

Call by Reference: Ø When a parameter is sent to a function by using call by reference technique, the address of the given variable is stored in the corresponding pointer variable.

Ø So, any modifications made to the pointer variable present in the user defined function, modifies the values stored at the address given to the pointer variable.

Ø So, even after the termination of the user defined function, the modified values can be accessed in the main function (unlike in call by value).

Passing an Array to a Function: Ø Arrays are multidimensional elements, since we cannot return multiple values by using call by value technique to the main function;

we always use the call by reference technique in case of arrays.

Ø In case of call by reference technique we write an ‘ampersand (&)’ before the actual parameters in the calling functions. But, in case of arrays it is different. Since the arrays are the internally created pointers, we directly pass the address of the array by giving the name of the array in the calling function.

Ø We can declare two types of data type declarations in the formal parameters, they are: · Declaring an array in the formal parameters without specifying the size of the array (since, it automatically receives the size of the array from main). ·

Since the actual parameters sent the address to the formal parameters, we can declare pointers in the formal parameters.

thought for the day

Keep trying, and like the glorious sunrise, there will come a time for you to shine.

check out the schedule.....

check out for the schedule everyday here...which we hav been following ...

today,

mm ....eigen values and eigen vectors...

edp.....

nice idea

సర్వజిత్ నామ సంవత్సర సుభాకాంక్షలు .............
its gud that ppt cuming out with innovative ideas ....all the best guyz and galz.....lets make this blog really count to make our potential count !!!
signing off
Chaitanya Vallurupalli...

**THOUGHT FOR THE DAY**

DREAM IS NOT WHAT U SEE IN SLEEP.......
DREAM IS THE THING WHICH DOES NOT LET U SLEEP ........

......A.P.J.KALAM

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